Julian Schwinger Ph.D.

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965
National Medal of Science - Physical Sciences 1964
Nobel co-recipients Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Richard P. Feynman

Award: "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles"

Patents


Publication:	1/2
Publication No:	US 2731602 A
Title:	Directional coupler
Publication Type:	Grant
Publication Date:	Jan 17, 1956
Filing Date:	Jan 10, 1946
Inventors:	Julian S Schwinger
Assignee:	Julian S Schwinger
Abstract:	This invention relates to wave guides and more particularly to directional couplers used in conjunction with wave guides. (a) Wave guide directional couplers possess properties which make them useful for power monitoring purposes and for impedance measuring or matching. They are used to provide test points in ultra high frequency transmission systems, at which transmitter power may be measured, or at which signals of known amplitude may be introduced in order to measure receiver sensitivity, in a manner that is relatively free from standing Waves in the guide. Wave guide directional couplers may also be used to aid in determining standing wave ratio in a wave guide, a knowledge of which is valuable in providing correct termination for the wave guide. (b) A wave guide directional coupler is a device which, when inserted into a main wave guide in which waves travel in both directions, delivers to an output device in an auxiliary wave guide energy which is largely a function of the amplitude of the wave going in a preferred direction in the main wave guide, and relatively independent of the amplitude of the wave going in the opposite direction in the main wave guide. (c) A wave guide directional coupler may be further described as a device comprising sections of a main and auxiliary wave guide, and all regions in which there is coupling between the two. Some means of electrical coupling between the two sections of wave guide is included, this means generally taking the form of coupling elements.
Representative Figure:
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Details	Google Patents


Publication:	2/2
Publication No:	US 2643295 A
Title:	Microwave wheatstone bridge
Publication Type:	Grant
Publication Date:	Jun 23, 1953
Filing Date:	Sep 13, 1946
Inventors:	Bernard A. Lippman, Julian S Schwinger
Assignee:	US Navy
Abstract:	This invention relates in general to microwave bridge circuits and more particularly to a guided wave transmission line junction exhibiting the properties of a Wheatstone bridge. (a) The Wheatstone bridge is a conventional means for accurately determining resistance. It is very useful in making such measurements at low frequencies and with direct currents. (b) Circuit constants at radio frequency are generally determined by some form of substitution in a bridge circuit. A typical procedure includes first balancing the system as well as the standard impedances in the unknown arm of a bridge, then removing the unknown impedance and readjusting a standard impedance to restore balance. The change in the resistance and reactance components of the standard then indicates the corresponding components of the unknown. This method provides very accurate means of determining the unknown impedance except when the unknown impedance has a high Q. Under such conditions it is necessary to determine the exact equivalent of the standard impedance. Such procedures have been impractical with circuits employing waveguides. (c) It is thus an object of this invention to provide a means of joining a plurality of waveguides to form effectively a Wheatstone bridge circuit. (d) Another object of this invention is to provide a waveguide bridge for determining directly the impedance of an unknown element.
Representative Figure:
Family	None
Details	Google Patents

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Name: Julian Schwinger
Birth: 12 February 1918, New York, NY, USA
Death: 16 July 1994, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Institution: Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
Award: "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles"
Subject: quantum electrodynamics, quantum mechanics
Portion of Cash: 1/3
Biography
Patents